Study: Climate Change Will Put the Squeeze on World’s Wineries & Wilderness

(ARLINGTON, Va. – April 8, 2013) Could your merlot be growing near the moose, grizzly or elk of Yellowstone National Park soon or in prime panda habitat in China? A new study by a team of international researchers and led by Conservation International suggests that it could. Their key finding: climate change will dramatically impact many of the most famous wine-producing regions in the world today and prompt the opening of new areas to wine production in unusual places, which would likely degrade or put pressure on the critical natural capital and ecosystems that support species and human well-being.

The study appeared today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and is the first ever worldwide analysis of the impacts of climate change on wine production and conservation. It found that the area suitable for wine production will shrink by as much as 73% by 2050 in certain parts of the globe, with high potential for stress on rivers and other freshwater ecosystems as vineyards use water to cool grapes or irrigate to compensate for rising temperatures and declining rainfall.

Dr. Lee Hannah, lead author and Senior Scientist for Climate Change Biology at Conservation International’s new Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Ecosystem Science and Economics, said, “Climate change is going to move potential wine-producing regions all over the map. These global changes put the squeeze on wildlife and nature’s capacity to sustain human life in some surprising places. Consumer awareness, industry and conservation actions are all needed to help keep high quality wine flowing without unintended consequences for nature and the flows of goods and services it provides people. This is just the tip of the iceberg – the same will be true for many other crops.”

The researchers looked at nine major wine producing areas within the first global map of future winemaking using multiple models of wine suitability. The areas analyzed in more details are: California, Western North America, Chile, Mediterranean Europe, Northern Europe, Cape Floristic region of South Africa, parts of Australia with Mediterranean climate, parts of Australia with non-Mediterranean climate and New Zealand.

Another key finding from the study is that new areas will become more productive, including parts of Western North America and Northern Europe. These places at higher latitudes and higher elevations will become increasingly suitable for wine making and sought after by vineyards as they search for the climatic conditions that are ideal for wine grape growing.

This will have implications for conservation of wildlife and ecosystems in regions as diverse as the Rocky Mountains around Yellowstone National Park and in Central China, where new vineyard suitability will open in the habitat of the endangered giant panda. Mature, producing vineyards have long-lasting effects on habitat quality for native species as they involve, for instance, removal of natural vegetation, spraying of chemicals and use of fences. According to the study, the greatest area of increasing wine production suitability is in the Rocky Mountains near the Canadian-US border, putting at risk species such as the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), gray wolf (Canis lupus) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana).

“Climate change will set up competition for land between agricultural and wildlife – wine grapes are but one example. This could have disastrous results for wildlife. Fortunately, there are pro-active solutions. We are creating incentive-based programs with private landowners to provide wildlife habitat as we expand our capacity to feed a growing planet in the future under a changing climate,” said co-author Dr. Rebecca Shaw, a climate scientist and Associate Vice President for Environmental Defense Fund’s Land, Water and Wildlife program.

Solutions

The authors concluded that wine grapes are symbolic of a wide variety of crops whose geographic shifts in response to climate change will have substantial implications for conservation, and that adaptation strategies are urgently needed to maintain productivity and to minimize impacts on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Among their key recommendations are:

• joint planning of vineyard expansion between business managers and conservationists to avoid areas of high environmental importance;
• investment in new varieties of grapes that offer similar flavors but with altered climate tolerances;
• consumer awareness (by purchasing bottles with natural cork, and from vineyards that adopt sustainable practices)

Patrick Roehrdanz of the Bren School of the University of California at Santa Barbara, one of the study authors, said, “Consumers can do their part by purchasing wine from vineyards that participate in programs like the California Sustainable Winegrowing Alliance or the South African Biodiversity and Wine Initiative and through supporting organizations that are dedicated to finding solutions such as Vinecology, Conservation International or Environmental Defense Fund.”

Available content for media:

Photos and maps available for download (image credits mandatory): http://bit.ly/10vfD0R

View the paper: http://www.conservation.org/climate-wine-conservation

Blog from Lead Author: http://blog.conservation.org/2013/04/climate-change-puts-the-squeeze-on-wine-production/

Presentation of Climate Change, Wine and Conservation, with Drs. Lee Hannah and Rebecca Shaw: http://bit.ly/ZEq3Zz

Google Earth Flyover: http://youtu.be/7DqbJTv42Dw 

Additional quotes from co-authors: 

Anderson Shepard with the Bren School of the University of California at Santa Barbara, said: “This study reveals the alarming potential for climate change to drive dramatic expansion of agriculture into some of the most intact wildlife habitat in the US. This could have a significant impact on some of our most treasured wildlife, including grizzly bears, wolves and elk.”

Gary Tabor, Director of the Center for Large Landscape Conservation in Montana, U.S.: “With the impacts of climate change growing daily, we need landscapes that support wildlife’s ability to move and migrate in response to these changing conditions. This is one of the reasons all 19 US States in the Western Governors Association approved a policy framework to conserve wildlife corridors across the US West. Future vineyard designs should facilitate this ecological need and avoid becoming another impenetrable landscape feature.”

Pablo Marquet, Professor at the Department of Ecology at the Catholic University of Chile: “These results are not good news for the Chile´s wine industry. The projected increases in stress for wine production are dramatic. Here is an important challenge for the wine industry — how to become more efficient at water use. The bigger challenge, however, is how to accommodate a growing agricultural industry in the most densely populated area in the country where more than 70% of natural habitats have been lost or severely degraded, where less that 3% of its area in currently under protection and where large changes in climate are expected.”

Maki Ikegami with the Bren School of the University of California at Santa Barbara: “Vineyards are already expanding into the predicted suitable areas rapidly. Conservation measures in those areas must be taken immediately.”

Robert Hijmans, Associate Professor of Environmental Science and Policy at UC Davis: “Wine grapevines, which are sensitive to climate and largely concentrated in regions with Mediterranean climates, provides a good test case for measuring indirect impacts that result from climate-driven modifications in agriculture.”

Conservation International - Building upon a strong foundation of science, partnership and field demonstration, CI empowers societies to responsibly and sustainably care for nature and its global biodiversity to promote the long-term well-being of people. Founded in 1987, CI is headquartered in the Washington, D.C. area. CI employs more than 800 staff in 20+ countries on four continents and works with more than 1,000 partners around the world. For more information, please see www.conservation.org or visit us on Facebook and Twitter.